Difference Between Humans And Monkeys

Like branches on a vast evolutionary tree, humans and monkeys are connected by a common ancestor. However, despite this shared heritage, the differences between us are as distinct as night and day.

While monkeys swing through trees with agility and grace, I stand tall on two legs, utilizing my opposable thumbs to manipulate the world around me.

In this article, we will delve into the intricate details that set us apart from our primate cousins.

One of the most striking dissimilarities lies in our cognitive abilities. Humans possess a level of intelligence unparalleled in the animal kingdom, allowing us to create complex societies and communicate through language. Monkeys, while capable of problem-solving and tool use to some extent, lack these advanced cognitive skills.

Furthermore, our physical characteristics differ greatly. Monkeys have long limbs and tails suited for life among treetops, while humans have adapted to bipedal locomotion with shorter limbs and an upright posture.

Join me on this scientific journey as we explore these disparities in more depth: from social structures to brain size and complexity; diet and nutrition to habitat adaptations; influence on the environment; ethical considerations surrounding our interactions with monkeys.

Together, let's unravel the secrets that make us uniquely human amidst a sea of primates.

Key Takeaways

• Humans have evolved to be more intelligent and have complex societies and language, while monkeys have limited cognitive skills compared to humans.
• Humans have adapted to bipedal locomotion with shorter limbs and an upright posture, whereas monkeys have long limbs and tails suited for life in trees.
• Humans have larger and more complex brains compared to monkeys, with intricate neural networks that enable higher cognitive functions, language processing, abstract thinking, and creativity.
• Humans possess superior communication skills compared to monkeys, with complex language systems, non-verbal cues, and the ability to convey complex ideas through written language.

Evolutionary Origins

You might be surprised to learn that you and monkeys share a common evolutionary origin, suggesting a profound connection between our species. According to the evolutionary timeline, primates and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 25 million years ago. This means that for millions of years, we followed separate paths but still retained similarities due to our shared ancestry.

One key difference between monkeys and humans is our cognitive abilities. While monkeys possess intelligence and complex social structures, human cognition has evolved to be far more advanced. Humans have developed language, abstract thinking, problem-solving skills, and the ability to create intricate tools and technologies. These cognitive abilities have allowed us to dominate the planet in ways no other species can.

Additionally, humans have developed moral values, empathy towards others, and an awareness of ourselves as individuals. Monkeys exhibit some behavioral traits similar to these qualities but lack the complex ethical systems found in human societies.

Transitioning into the next section about 'cognitive abilities,' it is clear that this distinction sets us apart from our primate relatives in significant ways.

Cognitive Abilities

Although monkeys and humans have distinct cognitive abilities, they share some similarities in their problem-solving skills. The evolutionary development of these cognitive abilities has played a crucial role in differentiating humans from monkeys. Humans possess highly developed prefrontal cortices, which enable us to engage in complex planning, decision-making, and problem-solving.

Monkeys, on the other hand, exhibit more limited cognitive abilities compared to humans. However, both monkeys and humans demonstrate problem-solving skills that are rooted in their evolutionary history. One similarity is the ability to use tools for problem-solving purposes. Both species have been observed using objects as tools to obtain food or accomplish tasks. Another shared characteristic is the ability to learn through trial-and-error. Monkeys and humans both display a capacity for learning from their mistakes and adjusting their behavior accordingly.

Furthermore, both monkeys and humans possess the ability to understand cause-and-effect relationships. This cognitive skill allows them to identify patterns and make predictions about future outcomes based on past experiences.

Although there are significant differences in the cognitive abilities of monkeys and humans, they also share commonalities when it comes to problem-solving skills. These similarities highlight the interconnectedness of our evolutionary development. Moving forward into the discussion of physical characteristics reveals further distinctions between these two species without skipping a beat.

Physical Characteristics

One striking aspect is the contrasting physical features of humans and monkeys, which contribute to their distinct evolutionary paths. Humans and monkeys share a common ancestor that lived around 25 million years ago. Over time, genetic variations have led to significant differences in their physical characteristics.

Humans have evolved to walk upright on two legs, which has resulted in changes to their skeletal structure. They have a unique spine curvature that allows for efficient bipedal locomotion. In contrast, monkeys have adapted to life in trees and are quadrupedal, with long arms and curved spines that enable them to swing from branch to branch.

Another notable difference is the development of complex hands in humans. Our opposable thumbs allow for precise grasping and manipulation of objects, giving us an advantage in tool use and fine motor skills. Monkeys, on the other hand, have less dexterity in their hands due to their more limited thumb movement.

These physical differences reflect the diverse environments in which humans and monkeys inhabit. While humans have adapted to a wide range of habitats through technological advancements, monkeys primarily reside in forests and jungles. Understanding these distinctions provides insight into how our evolutionary timeline diverged.

Transitioning into the next section about social structures: The contrasting physical features also influence the social structures of humans and monkeys without directly stating 'step'.

Social Structures

Imagine living in a world where social structures are shaped by unique factors such as hierarchy, cooperation, and communication. This is the reality for both humans and monkeys. However, there are some key differences in the way these social structures are formed and maintained.

Evolutionary influences play a significant role in shaping social hierarchies among monkeys. The size and complexity of their brains have evolved to support complex social interactions. Monkeys often form hierarchical groups, with dominant individuals having more access to resources and mates. This hierarchy is established through displays of aggression or submission, which helps maintain order within the group.

Cooperation is another important aspect of monkey social structures. They engage in cooperative behaviors such as grooming each other, sharing food, or engaging in coordinated activities like hunting or defending against predators. These cooperative behaviors strengthen social bonds and contribute to the overall stability of the group.

In contrast, human social structures are influenced by a range of cultural factors on top of evolutionary influences. While we also form hierarchies based on power and resources, our societies are much more complex due to our advanced cognitive abilities and language skills.

As we transition into the next section about brain size and complexity, it becomes clear that these factors greatly impact not only our physical characteristics but also our cognitive abilities and ultimately shape our unique place in the animal kingdom.

Brain Size and Complexity

Get ready to explore the fascinating world of brain size and complexity, as it shapes my unique cognitive abilities and sets me apart from our primate cousins.

One key difference between humans and monkeys lies in the size and complexity of our brains. While monkeys possess smaller brains, humans have evolved with larger brains that enable us to engage in complex thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making.

The human brain is not only large but also highly plastic. This means that it has the ability to change its structure and function in response to experiences and environmental factors. Brain plasticity allows us to learn new skills, adapt to changing circumstances, and recover from injuries or trauma. In contrast, monkeys have more limited brain plasticity, which restricts their ability to acquire new knowledge or adjust their behavior.

Another crucial aspect that differentiates human brains from those of monkeys is the presence of intricate neural networks. These networks consist of billions of interconnected neurons that facilitate communication within the brain. The complexity of these networks enables humans to process vast amounts of information simultaneously, leading to higher cognitive functions such as language processing, abstract thinking, and creativity.

As we delve into the topic of emotional intelligence in the next section, it becomes clear how our unique combination of brain size, plasticity, and neural networks contributes not only to our intellectual capabilities but also our emotional awareness and understanding.

Emotional Intelligence

In my previous discussion on the difference between humans and monkeys, I explored the concept of brain size and complexity. Now, let's delve into another fascinating aspect that sets us apart from our primate relatives: emotional intelligence.

While monkeys possess basic emotions like fear, anger, and joy, humans have a far greater capacity for understanding and managing their emotions. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and regulate one's own emotions as well as those of others.

Humans excel in this area due to our highly developed prefrontal cortex, which plays a crucial role in emotional processing. This allows us to exhibit empathy towards others and engage in complex social interactions. Furthermore, humans possess superior communication skills compared to monkeys.

We have not only developed complex language systems but also non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and body language that enable us to convey emotions effectively. These heightened emotional intelligence and communication skills give humans a significant advantage in navigating social environments and building strong interpersonal connections.

As we move forward into the next section about tool use and technology, it is important to consider how these unique human characteristics have shaped our ability to create and utilize tools effectively.

Tool Use and Technology

Now, let's dive into the fascinating world of tool use and technology and explore how you can harness these innovations to enhance your daily life.

Tool use is a defining characteristic of humans and sets us apart from our primate relatives like monkeys. Our ability to create and utilize tools has evolved over time, allowing us to solve problems, manipulate our environment, and adapt to various circumstances.

The evolution of tools can be traced back millions of years, starting with simple objects used for basic tasks like digging or pounding. As our cognitive abilities developed, so did our tool-making skills. We began crafting more sophisticated tools from materials such as stone, bone, and wood. This technological advancement allowed us to hunt efficiently, build shelters, and create fire.

Today, we live in an era where technology plays a crucial role in almost every aspect of our lives. From smartphones to artificial intelligence systems, technological advancements continue to shape the way we interact with the world around us. These tools have become extensions of ourselves that enhance our capabilities beyond what nature has provided.

As we transition into the subsequent section about culture and learning, it's important to recognize that tool use and technology not only impact our individual lives but also influence how we learn from one another as a society.

Culture and Learning

Our cultural tapestry is woven through the threads of learning, shaping our minds like clay molded by an expert potter. Humans have a unique ability to transmit knowledge and skills across generations, allowing for cultural evolution. This process has led to the development of complex educational systems that are unparalleled in the animal kingdom.

Culture plays a crucial role in human societies, influencing everything from our language and beliefs to our social norms and traditions. Through culture, we learn not only practical skills like tool use but also abstract concepts such as mathematics and philosophy. This collective knowledge is transmitted through formal education systems, where individuals acquire information from teachers and textbooks.

In contrast, monkeys primarily rely on innate behaviors and individual learning experiences rather than cultural transmission. While they may exhibit some rudimentary tool use, it lacks the complexity seen in human cultures. Monkeys' limited capacity for cultural evolution restricts their ability to develop sophisticated educational systems like humans.

As we transition into the next section discussing longevity and lifespan, it's important to note that culture also influences how we perceive aging and mortality.

Longevity and Lifespan

In studying longevity and lifespan, one key point to consider is the extended lifespan seen in humans compared to other species. Humans have a significantly longer lifespan than monkeys, which allows for the accumulation of knowledge and experience over a longer period of time.

Additionally, the aging process and the development of diseases are factors that impact lifespan in both humans and monkeys, but may differ between the two species.

Extended Lifespan in Humans

Imagine living a life where you can experience the wonders of the world for an extended period, something that monkeys can only dream of. Humans have an extended lifespan compared to monkeys due to various factors. The aging process in humans is slower, allowing us to enjoy life's experiences for a longer time.

Additionally, our understanding and management of diseases contribute to increased longevity. Monkeys, on the other hand, have shorter lifespans due to their susceptibility to diseases and lack of medical advancements.

Furthermore, humans have evolved complex reproductive and parenting strategies that ensure the survival of offspring and promote intergenerational care. As we delve into the subsequent section about aging process and disease, it becomes evident how these factors play a crucial role in distinguishing humans from monkeys.

Aging Process and Disease

Get ready to explore the fascinating connection between the aging process and disease, as you embark on a journey comparing humans and monkeys that'll leave you as captivated as a child in a candy store.

The aging process is an inevitable part of life, characterized by a gradual decline in physiological function and an increased vulnerability to disease. As we age, our bodies experience various changes such as cellular damage, accumulation of toxic substances, and decreased immune response. These factors contribute to the development of age-related diseases like cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer.

However, it's interesting to note that monkeys experience a similar aging process but with some differences in disease susceptibility. While both humans and monkeys face challenges associated with aging, their unique genetic makeup and environmental influences shape their individual experiences with age-related diseases.

Transitioning into the subsequent section about comparison to monkey lifespan reveals further insights into these intriguing differences between human and monkey longevity.

Comparison to Monkey Lifespan

Prepare to be amazed as you delve into the captivating realm of comparing human and monkey lifespans, uncovering unique insights into the aging process that will leave you in awe.

When it comes to lifespan, humans outlive monkeys by a significant margin. While monkeys typically live for around 20 to 30 years in the wild, humans have an average lifespan of about 70 to 80 years. This discrepancy can be attributed to various factors such as differences in genetic makeup, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices.

Additionally, humans have developed advanced medical interventions and technologies that contribute to their extended lifespan compared to our primate counterparts.

As we transition into exploring reproduction and parenting, we will further examine how these aspects differ between humans and monkeys without skipping a beat.

Reproduction and Parenting

While humans meticulously plan and prepare for parenthood, monkeys rely on instinct and intuition to raise their young. When it comes to reproduction challenges, humans face various obstacles such as infertility and pregnancy complications. In contrast, monkeys have a relatively easier time reproducing due to their shorter gestation periods and higher fertility rates.

Additionally, humans engage in complex parental care dynamics that involve both parents participating in child-rearing activities. Monkeys, on the other hand, exhibit different parenting styles depending on the species. Some monkey species practice communal care where multiple individuals contribute to the upbringing of offspring, while others rely solely on the mother for childcare.

In terms of communication and language, humans have developed intricate verbal and non-verbal communication systems that allow us to convey complex thoughts and emotions. We use language not only to interact with our children but also to educate them about societal norms and values. Monkeys primarily rely on vocalizations, body language, facial expressions, and touch for communication with their young ones.

Transitioning into the next section about 'communication and language,' it is interesting to explore how these differences in reproductive strategies impact the development of communication abilities between humans and monkeys.

Communication and Language

When it comes to communication and language, humans have a distinct advantage over monkeys. While both species utilize vocalizations and gestures to communicate, the complexity of human language far surpasses that of monkeys.

Additionally, humans have developed written language as a means of communication, which further enhances our ability to convey complex ideas and information.

Vocalizations and Gestures

Imagine yourself observing a group of monkeys - you'll quickly notice the fascinating range of vocalizations and gestures they use to communicate with each other.

These forms of communication have evolutionary origins and serve as essential tools for survival in their social groups. Monkeys use vocalizations such as calls, screams, and grunts to convey information about danger, food sources, or territorial boundaries. They also employ an array of gestures including facial expressions, body postures, and hand movements to express dominance, submission, or aggression.

While monkeys' cognitive abilities allow them to understand and respond to these signals effectively within their species, the complexity of human language surpasses that of monkeys. Humans not only possess an extensive vocabulary but also have the ability to engage in abstract thinking and convey complex thoughts through grammar and syntax.

Complexity of Human Language

To understand the complexity of human language, you can consider that humans possess over 6,000 languages worldwide. This vast linguistic diversity is a testament to the cognitive abilities unique to our species.

Unlike monkeys and other primates, humans have developed a complex system of communication that allows us to convey abstract ideas, share emotions, and express thoughts through words. Our language has evolved from its evolutionary origins to become an intricate tool for social interaction and knowledge transmission.

Through the use of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary, we're able to convey meaning with precision and nuance. The development of written language further enhanced our ability to preserve information across generations.

Transitioning into the subsequent section about the development of written language highlights how humans have continued to adapt their communication methods over time.

Development of Written Language

The complexity of human language is a fascinating subject. It's a defining characteristic that sets us apart from other primates, such as monkeys. However, the development of written language takes this complexity to another level.

Written language has had a profound impact on society in several ways:

1) Preservation: Written records allow for the preservation of knowledge and history, ensuring that information can be passed down through generations.

2) Communication: Written language enables effective communication across time and space, bridging gaps between cultures and allowing for the dissemination of ideas.

3) Education: The development of written language has paved the way for formal education systems, enabling widespread learning and intellectual growth.

Understanding the development of written language provides insight into how humans have advanced their societies through the power of communication.

This transition into the subsequent section about 'diet and nutrition' highlights another important aspect of what makes us different from monkeys.

Diet and Nutrition

Monkeys' and humans' dietary preferences diverge significantly due to variations in their anatomical structures and metabolic capabilities. While monkeys have a primarily plant-based diet, humans have evolved to consume a wider range of foods due to our nutritional requirements.

Monkeys are adapted to consume plant-based diets consisting of fruits, leaves, seeds, and nuts. Their digestive systems are designed to extract nutrients from these sources efficiently. On the other hand, humans have developed the ability to digest a variety of foods including meat, grains, dairy products, and vegetables. This versatility in our diet has allowed us to meet our complex nutritional needs.

One key difference between monkey and human nutrition is related to vitamin C synthesis. Monkeys possess the enzyme necessary for endogenous production of vitamin C, while humans do not. This means that monkeys can obtain sufficient amounts of this essential nutrient from their plant-based diets alone. Humans, however, need to consume external sources of vitamin C such as citrus fruits or supplements.

The difference in diet between monkeys and humans reflects their unique anatomical structures and metabolic capabilities. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for comprehending how different species adapt to their environments and meet their nutritional needs without directly stating 'step'.

Habitat and Adaptations

In terms of diet and nutrition, humans and monkeys have some similarities, but there are also significant differences. Now let's shift our focus to another aspect that sets us apart: habitat and adaptations.

As humans, we've evolved to adapt to various environments around the world. From the frigid Arctic regions to the scorching deserts, our ability to modify our surroundings has allowed us to thrive in diverse habitats. We've built shelters, developed clothing for protection from the elements, and created tools for hunting and gathering food.

Monkeys, on the other hand, have specific habitat preferences that suit their evolutionary adaptations. They're primarily found in tropical rainforests where they can take advantage of the abundant resources available such as fruits, leaves, insects, and small animals. Their bodies are well-suited for climbing trees with grasping hands and feet designed for gripping branches.

These contrasting habitats and adaptations highlight how humans and monkeys have diverged over time. While we continue to shape our environment to meet our needs, monkeys remain specialized for life in the forest canopy.

Moving forward into the next section about 'influence on the environment,' it's important to examine how both humans and monkeys impact their respective ecosystems without disrupting their delicate balance.

Influence on the Environment

As an ecologist, I'm deeply concerned about the human impact on ecosystems. Our activities have led to widespread habitat destruction and deforestation, causing significant biodiversity loss.

The conversion of natural habitats into agricultural land and urban areas has disrupted the delicate balance of ecosystems, leading to the decline of many species.

However, there are ongoing conservation efforts aimed at protecting and restoring ecosystems to mitigate these negative impacts.

Human Impact on Ecosystems

Humans have had a profound and devastating impact on ecosystems, causing irreparable damage to the delicate balance of nature. One major consequence of human activity is the increasing human-wildlife conflict. As humans encroach upon natural habitats, conflicts arise between humans and wildlife over resources such as food and space. This often leads to negative outcomes for both parties involved, with animals being driven out of their natural habitats or killed due to perceived threats.

Invasive species management is another area where humans have left a significant mark on ecosystems. Through globalization and trade, non-native species are introduced into new environments where they can disrupt the native flora and fauna. Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, leading to a loss in biodiversity and imbalance within ecosystems.

These impacts on ecosystems through human-wildlife conflict and invasive species management are just the beginning. The subsequent section will explore how habitat destruction and deforestation compound these problems, further threatening the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystems.

Habitat Destruction and Deforestation

After learning about the devastating impact of human activities on ecosystems, I'm now diving into the topic of habitat destruction and deforestation. These destructive practices have caused a significant loss of natural habitats for both humans and monkeys. The destruction of forests has disrupted the delicate balance of ecosystems, leading to negative consequences such as soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change.

To address this issue and restore habitats, it's crucial to implement sustainable practices. Here are four important aspects to consider:

1. Reforestation: Planting trees can help restore forest cover and provide habitat for both humans and monkeys.
2. Protected areas: Establishing protected areas ensures that critical habitats are conserved and allows for natural processes to take place.
3. Sustainable land use: Promoting responsible land use practices minimizes the impact on ecosystems while meeting human needs.
4. Conservation education: Educating communities about the importance of preserving habitats fosters a deeper understanding and commitment to conservation efforts.

By implementing these measures, we can strive towards restoring habitats while ensuring their long-term sustainability. In order to achieve effective conservation efforts, further steps need to be taken in protecting our ecosystems from human activities without compromising future generations' needs.

Conservation Efforts

Now let's dive into how you can contribute to the conservation efforts! Conservation efforts are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and protecting the habitats of various species, including monkeys and humans.

One way to contribute is by supporting organizations that focus on biodiversity conservation. These organizations work towards preserving natural areas, implementing sustainable practices, and raising awareness about the importance of protecting our environment.

Additionally, you can participate in local initiatives such as reforestation projects or wildlife monitoring programs. By actively engaging in these efforts, we can help restore ecosystems and ensure the survival of both human and monkey populations.

However, it's important to consider ethical considerations when participating in conservation activities, as some approaches may have unintended negative consequences for certain species or ecosystems. Transitioning into the next section about 'ethical considerations,' it's essential to carefully evaluate our actions to ensure they align with ethical principles while striving for environmental preservation.

Ethical Considerations

Despite the potential ethical concerns, it's crucial to consider the implications of such research on monkeys and the impact it may have on their well-being. Ethical dilemmas arise when discussing animal experimentation, especially in the context of studying differences between humans and monkeys.

While this type of research can provide valuable insights into human evolution, behavior, and cognition, it raises questions about the moral implications of using primates for scientific purposes.

One key ethical consideration is the welfare of these animals. Monkeys used in research can experience psychological distress due to social isolation, confinement, or invasive procedures. It's important to carefully balance scientific objectives with minimizing harm and ensuring appropriate husbandry practices are in place.

Additionally, there are concerns regarding speciesism – a bias towards humans based solely on our species affiliation – when conducting experiments on monkeys. This bias challenges the notion that humans have inherent superiority over other animals and calls for a more inclusive perspective that values animal rights and welfare.

Another aspect to consider is whether alternative methods could be employed instead of primate research. Advancements in technology have allowed for the development of alternative models such as cell cultures or computer simulations that can address some aspects previously studied exclusively in primates.

While studying differences between humans and monkeys raises ethical dilemmas related to animal experimentation, it also provides valuable insights into our own nature. By being mindful of animal welfare considerations, promoting inclusivity beyond species boundaries, and exploring alternatives where possible, we can ensure responsible scientific progress while respecting the dignity of all living beings involved in these studies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the comparison between humans and monkeys reveals fascinating insights into our evolutionary journey. While we share a common ancestor, humans have developed unique cognitive abilities that set us apart from our primate relatives.

Our physical characteristics, such as bipedalism and opposable thumbs, have allowed us to manipulate our environment in ways that other animals cannot. Like branches on a tree, our social structures branch out in diverse ways across cultures.

As complex as the neuronal connections in our brains, the differences between humans and monkeys are vast but interconnected.

FAQs

How do humans and monkeys differ in their sleep patterns?

Humans and monkeys have distinct variations in their sleep cycles, which can be attributed to the impact of their respective environments. While humans typically have a consolidated period of sleep during the night, monkeys exhibit more fragmented sleep patterns throughout both day and night.

This variation is influenced by factors such as habitat, social structure, and predator avoidance strategies. Understanding these differences sheds light on the complex relationship between sleep patterns and environmental adaptations in primates.

What are the differences between the dental structure of humans and monkeys?

The dental structure of humans and monkeys differ in several ways. Humans have a more specialized dental structure, with distinct incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. This is due to our dietary adaptations over time.

Monkeys, on the other hand, have a more generalized dental structure with less specialization in their teeth. These differences have important evolutionary implications as they reflect the unique feeding behaviors and dietary preferences of humans and monkeys throughout history.

Are there any variations in the mating behaviors of different monkey species?

Variations in mating behaviors among monkey species are fascinating.

One particular anecdote comes to mind, involving the Japanese macaques. These monkeys engage in a unique behavior known as 'hot spring bathing.' In cold environments, they gather around natural hot springs and indulge in communal soaking. This behavior isn't just a means of keeping warm but also serves as a social bonding opportunity.

Environmental factors like temperature play a crucial role in shaping such mating behaviors in different monkey species.

Do humans and monkeys exhibit similar grooming behaviors?

Humans and monkeys exhibit similar grooming behaviors, which play a crucial role in social bonding. Both species engage in reciprocal grooming, where individuals groom each other to strengthen social bonds and reduce tension. Grooming behaviors involve physical contact, such as picking through fur or removing parasites. This interaction helps establish trust and cooperation within social groups.

The similarities in human-monkey grooming highlight the importance of social connections for both species and their evolutionary significance in promoting group cohesion.

Are there any variations in the vocalizations used by different monkey species?

There are indeed variations in the vocalizations used by different monkey species. These variations in communication techniques among monkey species allow them to effectively convey their intentions and emotions within their social groups.

Just like humans, monkeys use a wide range of vocalizations to express themselves, including calls for alarm, mating, and territorial defense. However, it's important to note that while there may be some similarities in vocalization between monkeys and humans, the complexity and purpose behind these sounds differ significantly.